The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a small, pea-sized organ located at the base of the brain. Often referred to as the "master gland", it plays a pivotal role in regulating critical bodily functions and homeostasis.
What does the pituitary gland do?
The pituitary is an endocrine gland, meaning it secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to control the function of other glands and organs. Some key functions include:
- Growth hormones - The anterior lobe secretes human growth hormone to stimulate growth in children and adolescents. Deficiencies can cause dwarfism.
- Thyroid hormones - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) triggers the thyroid gland to produce critical hormones like triiodothyronine and thyroxine to regulate metabolism.
- Stress hormones - In response to stress, the pituitary secretes ACTH to stimulate the adrenal glands above the kidneys to produce cortisol.
- Sex hormones - Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are secreted to trigger ovulation and sperm production in the gonads (testes and ovaries).
- Pregnancy/lactation - Prolactin is secreted to enable milk production and breastfeeding in new mothers.
- Oxytocin - The pituitary secretes oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth and facilitate bonding behaviors.
Pituitary disorders like tumors or poor hormone production can cause detrimental effects throughout the entire endocrine system. Symptoms range from abnormal growth, infertility, electrolyte imbalances to problems with metabolism, sexual function and stress adaptation. If you suspect a problem, the endocrinologists at
The Balance - Hormone Medical Clinic provide cutting-edge diagnosis and treatment customized to restore balance. Request a free consultation today!
I hope this overview gives some insight into this small but mighty gland at the base of our brains. Let me know if you have any other questions!